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Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

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Question 21

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Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and/or DNA?

A) cytosine and uracil
B) cytosine and thymine
C) cytosine,uracil,and thymine
D) cytosine,uracil,and guanine

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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What feature of mononucleotides provides the energy needed for polymerization when nucleic acids are formed?

A) their methyl groups
B) their sugar groups
C) their nitrogenous bases
D) their phosphate groups

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Which of the following did Watson and Crick already know when they were trying to determine the structure of DNA?

The work of Bartel's group on the ribozyme RNA replicase supports which conclusion?

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) . Shu-ichi Nakano reported in Science in February 2000 that "The RNA enzyme (ribozyme) from hepatitis delta virus catalyzes self-cleavage of a ...[chemical] ...bond." This reaction is inherently slow due to the formation of an unfavorable negative charge on the ribozyme.The author goes on to show that this self-cleavage is made faster by joining it with an acid-base reaction that neutralizes the negative charge.Nakano's model describes a positively charged cytosine base on the ribozyme acting as the acid,and magnesium hydroxide acting as the base.Specifically,the cytosine donates its proton (H⁺) to neutralize the unstable negative charge that would have formed on the ribozyme. -Which of the following chemical bonds do you think Nakano is referring to in his quote?

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) . Shu-ichi Nakano reported in Science in February 2000 that "The RNA enzyme (ribozyme) from hepatitis delta virus catalyzes self-cleavage of a ...[chemical] ...bond." This reaction is inherently slow due to the formation of an unfavorable negative charge on the ribozyme.The author goes on to show that this self-cleavage is made faster by joining it with an acid-base reaction that neutralizes the negative charge.Nakano's model describes a positively charged cytosine base on the ribozyme acting as the acid,and magnesium hydroxide acting as the base.Specifically,the cytosine donates its proton (H⁺) to neutralize the unstable negative charge that would have formed on the ribozyme. -Refer to Nakano's quote from Science.If the cytosine is positively charged (+) before self-cleavage,what would its charge be after self-cleavage?

What is the difference between a ribonucleotide and a deoxyribonucleotide?

Some viruses consist only of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core.If you wanted to radioactively label the nucleic acids separately from the protein,you would use _____.

You have a polymer of DNA with 10 adenine bases followed by 10 cytosine bases.If that strand bonded to a strand of 20 thymine bases,how would the double helix shape vary from a typical DNA double helix?

Although DNA is the main hereditary material in all life-forms,it lacks one important characteristic of being a candidate for the first life-form.Why have researchers rejected the idea that DNA was found in the first life-form?

Compare proteins to nucleic acids.Which of the following is true?

Which of the terms or phrases below apply to both DNA and RNA?

Which of these scientists was not directly involved in the discovery of DNA's structure?