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Research suggests that under conditions of anxiety, stress, danger, disappointment, illness, and disaster, people have a particularly increased need to be with one another and find comfort from affiliation.

A) True
B) False

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This type of aggression is usually planned rather than impulsive, and is also not necessarily accompanied by an emotion such as anger.


A) hostile aggression
B) indirect aggression
C) instrumental aggression
D) humane aggression

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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When someone describes aggression as violence, they are referring to an aggressive act whose goal is to


A) inflict serious physical injury or even death
B) ostracize someone from a social group
C) undermine another's efforts to succeed
D) cause minor physical harm

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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All of the following statements describe the experience of sensory-specific appetite, EXCEPT:


A) "I've loved Oreos ever since my grandmother started buying them for me."
B) "Around Thanksgiving, I can't wait to drench my turkey in gravy."
C) "When I'm hungry, I get so agitated that I'll snack on anything."
D) "I have been craving salty foods lately."

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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If people are given more justification for an activity than is necessary-for example, the offer of external rewards for an activity that is already intrinsically rewarding-they may paradoxically come to devalue the activity and lose interest. This is called the


A) drive-reduction effect
B) motivational value effect
C) overjustification effect
D) optimal motivation effect

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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