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Exam 3: Informal Fallacies

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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In which of the following statements is an attribute predicated distributively?

A) Lemons are sour.
B) Cancer fatalities are increasing.
C) Model T Fords are disappearing.
D) Stars are numerous.
E) Bank robberies are frequent.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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Barbara lost 15 pounds after taking the new InstaThin supplement for 6 weeks. Tiffany has the same metabolism, lifestyle, diet, body type, age, height and former weight as Barbara. Therefore, probably Tiffany could lose about 15 pounds if she takes InstaThin for 6 weeks.

A) Weak analogy.
B) No fallacy.
C) Amphiboly.
D) Argument against the person, circumstantial.
E) False cause.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Question 33

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The president of our college has promised to stop drinking on campus. Apparently the president has a drinking problem.

Aspirin is a drug that relieves pain, and it is appropriately purchased over the counter. Morphine, like aspirin, is a drug that relieves pain. Therefore, it would be appropriate that morphine be available over the counter.

Sarah argues that all of us should support the school bond issue on the September ballot. But it's obvious why she argues this way. She has six kids currently attending public school. Clearly her argument is worthless.

Betty is opposed to capital punishment by lethal injection. But doctors inject patients with all sorts of medicines every day. For example, vaccines against flu, pneumonia, and tetanus are injected into millions of patients. Antibiotics are injected for a whole host of bacterial infections, and insulin is injected for diabetes. Obviously Betty's views are not supported by the evidence.

This carton contains heavy cream. Therefore, it weighs more than that identically sized carton of ordinary cream.

Stacy is a terrible poker player. But every poker player is a person. Therefore, Stacy is a terrible person.

Every member of the Viking Society was born in Norway. Therefore, the Viking Society was born in Norway.

Mr. Rankin has just given his argument favoring equal pay for women. It seems what he is saying is that working women should become men. They should all go out and get sex change operations. That's what Rankin wants. Well, I think we are all smart enough to reject that argument.

Most elderly people who are hospitalized with cancer eventually die from the disease. Thus, if an elderly person wants to recover from cancer he or she must, at all costs, refuse hospitalization.

Andrew's new smartphone works well in fringe areas. Therefore, probably Madison's new smartphone, which is the same make and model as Andrew's, with the same service provider, works well in fringe areas, too.

Children should be seen and not heard. Therefore, it was wrong for that drowning child to scream for help.

No one has ever proved that smoking small amounts of marijuana over long periods of time is harmful. We can therefore conclude that this practice is completely safe.

This one-liter glass vial contains a 3 percent solution of sulfuric acid. Therefore, every cubic centimeter of its contents is a 3 percent solution of sulfuric acid.

After eating a Big Mac for breakfast, poor Steve had a heart attack and died. The message is clear: Never eat a Big Mac for breakfast.

Cynthia, you know a lot about geography. Tell me. Does Zambia share a border with the Congo?

Practically all the students in Professor Kane's English class copy their term papers from the Internet. Therefore, since you're in that class, you should do this, too.

During the past two hundred years no one has been cured of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is unlikely that anyone will be cured in the next two hundred years.

The bandwagon argument is a variety of: